This is a qualitative study that focuses on family and kinship perspectives surrounding the phenomena of caring for and providing schooling for children orphaned due to the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa. This study examines this topic through the lens of a family who cared for such a child. It also includes the HIV-risk was assessed, and staged by the Transtheoretical Model, among adolescents, ages (mean age 15), with a item self-administered questionnaire, supplemented with qualitative data from 28 focus groups. Thirteen psychometrically reliable scales were isolated and validated with youth pooled from previous samples: factual, transmission, and perceived AIDS knowledge, Author: Michelle A. Lang Nov 15, · The impact of HIV/AIDS in racial and ethnic minorities is disproportionate. This population represents most of new AIDS cases (71% of new AIDS cases, and 64% of cases living with AIDS) (after, the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation report, July, )
"A Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Adolescent HIV-Risk Predi" by Michelle A. Lang
Kaiser Family Foundation report, July, Further, the case rate of AIDS in In addition, HIV is the fourth cause of death for African-American males, and the third for African-American females between 25 and 44 years old after, The Henry J. Mobilization of this community is needed to help foster an environment that supports interventions to lessen the disproportionate impact of this disease on blacks within the United States CDC, The African-American community is in need of culturally fitting intervention methods to address this social issue.
This chapter will review and discuss of the literature that addresses key issues affecting prevention and intervention. A section that addresses specific issues in intervention will follow. Finally, the researcher will present the statement of the research problem and purpose of the study. The literature search strategy used was to find peer-reviewed articles covered 17 databases.
Psychology: A SAGE Full-Text Collection, and PsycINFO. Risk factors are behaviors or stances that position individuals at risk of picking up HIV infection.
They either connect directly to disease transmission as having unprotected sex, or indirectly related as alcohol abuse. Often, a gay African-American will hide his dissertation qualitative hiv aids within the close community. However, once outside that community, this person is likely be more open about sexuality.
Thus, these African-Americans display deafness at home by refusing to self-identify. Normative focus dissertation qualitative hiv aids suggests norms will influence behavior only to the extent they are the focus for the individuals involved at the time the behavior occurs Baron and Byrne, Many gay African- Americans will deny their sexual orientation and hide behavior to escape social reactions within their community.
This lack of access thus helps foster the notion that prevention programs are failing to achieve results. Therefore, the lack of self-identification with the black and gay community is a critical barrier to change high-risk sexual behavior effectively among social groups dissertation qualitative hiv aids include men of color.
Dissertation qualitative hiv aids current intervention methods call for the individual to seek the information positively. Within their own cultures, African-American males are not keen to seek such information Baron and Byrne, This is presumably because they have not adopted the safer sex norms prevalent in larger gay communities supported by intervention efforts within those communities.
Patterns of sexual identification and sexual behavior vary among African-American and Caucasian men. Several writers have noted that urban African-American communities have strongly negative attitudes toward gay men Peterson and others, African-American men having sex with men might be less likely to identify themselves as gay or bisexual.
The lack of a gay or bisexual identity may increase high-risk behavior. Insofar these men would be less responsive to tailored prevention materials is currently styled. Or such men would be less likely to take part in workshops or academic studies for fear that they should become detected and adversely labeled. However, ethnic differences in HIV risk behaviors have not been examined in larger samples using diverse recruiting sources Peterson and others, McKiman and Stokes hypothesized that African-American men would show a greater disparity between self-identified label and behavior than would White men.
Researchers, dissertation qualitative hiv aids, therefore, expected a higher proportion of African-American men who had both male and female partners to self-identify as heterosexual rather than bisexual.
Also, researchers expected a higher proportion of African- American men with only male partners to self-identify as bisexual rather than as gay. The previous study also expected African-American men to report more HIV-risk behavior than would Whites.
Although Black men were more likely to exchange sex for money and drugs, White men who engaged in such exchanges did so more often. Black men were more likely to report being HIV seropositive and were significantly less likely than were White men to disclose their same-sex behavior to their female sexual partners. In this study, contact with a gay community was relatively low among both Black and White men, and risk level was high for men attracted to both sexes.
Recently, the mainstream media has brought greater attention to dissertation qualitative hiv aids down low phenomenon prevalent within the Black community. However, relatively limited scholarly research has examined bisexual identity among black minorities within United States. Sandfort and Dodgep. This makes the current shortage of scientific information even more pressing and alarming, dissertation qualitative hiv aids. Sandfort and Dodge compiled a diverse collection of observed and hypothetical outlooks on Black and Latino male bisexualities.
This included information on the individual, social, and sexual lives of these men, and possible associations to risk behavior. The study of bisexual identity has undergone several theoretical shifts in the past several decades, dissertation qualitative hiv aids. To understand disparities of the black community will lead to understanding how social, cultural and health factors result in unequal risk of HIV for African-Americans.
Health disparity is a term used in the USA; it is a synonym to health inequality or inequity in other countries. Many factors contribute to health disparity of the African-American Community. These factors include poverty, racial and ethnic discrimination, less access to healthcare, and the language barriers among healthcare providers and the targeted population. Other factors that influence health disparity are the physical or geographic location and the social networks. The social stigma and look and negative social attitudes to certain sexual practices created a case of sexual minorities, especially for MSM in black communities characterized by homophobia leading to condition denial.
Identifying health disparities is an important step to design a specifically tailored intervention program Steele and others, About economic disparity, most public health prevention models and publicly-funded prevention dissertation qualitative hiv aids recognize individual human behavior as the main domain of health risk. Sexual transmission of HIV is likely to result from a shortage of knowledge among the African-American community, which leads to misguided assessments of individual risk.
The African-American gay understanding of individual invulnerability or lack of motivation to practice safer sex is a core issue. It is important to challenge individual models of risk within dissertation qualitative hiv aids social contexts of groups and communities. One in four African-Americans Blacks lives in poverty US Census Bureau, Diaz and Ayala conducted research that challenged individual models of risk by locating risk within the social depth of groups and communities.
The foundation of their research is based on information gathered from Latino gay and bisexual men. The research performed on men in three different US cities. Their study design was to collect data and dissertation qualitative hiv aids the correlation. The information correlated subsequently to specific forms of social discrimination, dissertation qualitative hiv aids.
The work of these researchers challenged individual models of risk. This was done by locating risk within groups and communities, social groups. For the next generation of HIV prevention approaches, these findings have a great impact on Latino and African-American men having sex with men. The research supports that HIV prevention and dissertation qualitative hiv aids methods should not just focus on adjusting individual behavior; rather, they need to focus on changing the social contexts that influence risky behavior.
Discrimination and social oppression are important contexts that need consideration. AIDS continues to be a health crisis, especially within African-American Blacks communities, dissertation qualitative hiv aids.
The first is confusion about race-based stereotypes, and the second links to historical health disparities and mistrust. There is a need for training of new and settled investigators as well as associative efforts of health, community, religious, political organizations, and historically black colleges and universities. The aim is to spread relevant HIV prevention messages. Conducting research to understand African-American sexuality will make developing behavioral interventions that address health easier including HIV and help mental health risk decline within the context of African-American life.
Therefore, the authors conducted a questionnaire based study to evaluate sexual knowledge dissertation qualitative hiv aids high risk factors that affect both the incidence and prevalence of the syndrome in this fraction of the black community.
They performed their research on urban living and rural areas African-American females. However, knowledge about the syndrome was higher among urban African-American females, but indicators for potential behavioral change did not differ between the two samples.
The authors inferred there are two pillars for advancing prevention; first African-American women need an ethnically responsive as well as a gender-specific intervention program. Second is, African-American women leaderships are called for more active involvement. Also, there is a need for parents and spiritual leaders of black community involvement Williams and others, Foster and Frazier pointed out that planning and implementation for rural areas are important to serving the poor and underserved.
Planning and dissertation qualitative hiv aids of preventive services are especially challenging in rural communities for various reasons. Besides, concerns over greater confidentiality issues that arise due to stigma of the disease which restricts individuals who may be infected from getting tested. Besides, pronounced overall health disparities between rural and urban populations including chronic diseases and sexually transmitted diseasespoorer economic conditions including increasing numbers of under-and-uninsured.
Finally, limited substance abuse treatment services, dissertation qualitative hiv aids, which make untreated addiction a barrier in satisfactory treatment for those individuals also infected with HIV. As with the culture of the black community, rural areas have their own set of cultural needs, which can affect prevention strategies.
The study of Williams and others recognized a few key similarities and differences between rural and urban African-American populations. First, the majority of respondents to survey question were between 15 and 44 years in both communities.
Second, education level influences awareness of the disease in both communities, also, their result showed that differences in economic status among individuals of both communities influence awareness and risk behavior, dissertation qualitative hiv aids. On the negative side, mistrust in healthcare providers and negative social attitudes were more prevalent in rural areas. They inferred there is a need for setting up networks of public health providers and African-American rural community groups to work for negative attitudes mending Williams and others, Rawlings and Masters identified the challenges that face African-Americans with HIV infection.
First is the noticeable disparity in health outcomes which lead to disproportionate incidence and prevalence rates among African-Americans. Second are the medical disorders prevalent in the black community like hepatitis, dissertation qualitative hiv aids, and diabetes, that influence the course of disease or increase the complexity of treatment.
Further, the prevalent psychological problems like depression and societal barriers to suitable medical care increase the rates of morbidity and mortality among African-Americans. Thus, the challenges facing the black dissertation qualitative hiv aids are interconnected and should all be given suitable consideration to achieve a successful prevention program outcome Rawlings and Masters, There are two popular theories involved in HIV interventions, which are the reasoned action theory, and the planned behavior theory, and both theories aim to understand human behavior and actions Redmond, An example is what the family and friends local community think of these intents.
The theory of planned behavior adds considering the idea of realized behavior control, in other words it considers internal and external risk and protective factors Redmond, Despite the recognized need for culturally tailored HIV prevention interventions, few studies have examined if predictors of unprotected sex vary for youth from different ethnic groups Warren and others, In the study by Warren and colleagues, they recruited participants, including gay, bisexual, and questioning youth between the ages of 15 and The participants were from three racial-ethnic backgrounds, including African-American, Hispanic, and White.
The participants were located in Chicago, Illinois and in Miami-Dade and Broward counties in Florida.
Criteria for Evaluating and Justifying Qualitative Research Methods for the Health Sciences
, time: 58:36The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Black Community - Words | Free Paper Example
The year will mark the thirtieth anniversary of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pandemic. At present, it is estimated that 33 million individuals throughout the world are living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Durham & Lashley, Nov 15, · The impact of HIV/AIDS in racial and ethnic minorities is disproportionate. This population represents most of new AIDS cases (71% of new AIDS cases, and 64% of cases living with AIDS) (after, the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation report, July, ) HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination (S&D), lack of social support, poverty, and gender inequalities have been identified as factors in the increased prevalence rate of HIV transmission in Enugu, Nigeria, especially among women ages 15 to 49 blogger.com: Chinyere Fidelia Nnajiofor
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